Scala Tutorial 19 - Lists

In this video we will cover the basic syntax and capabilities of Lists in Scala.

Arrays and Lists

Arrays are a fixed length and occupy sequential locations in memory. This makes random access (for example, getting the 37th element) very fast--O(1) .

Lists are composed of values linked together. All access starts from the head (first element) and follows links. Random access takes linear time.

Lists are immutable

Lists, like Strings, are immutable

Because all access is via the head, creating a “new” list is a fast operation.

List operations

Basic fast (constant time) operations

list.head (or list head) returns the first element in the list

list.tail (or list tail) returns a list with the first element removed

value :: list returns a list with value appended to the front

list.isEmpty (or list isEmpty ) tests whether the list is empty

Some slow (linear time) operations

list(i) returns the ith element (starting from 0) of the list

list.last (or list last) returns the last element in the list

list.init (or list init) returns a list with the last element removed

This involves making a complete copy of the list

list.length (or list length) returns the number of elements in the list

list.reverse (or list reverse) returns a new list with the elements in reverse order

In practice, the slow operations are hardly ever needed



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Set Up C++ Development With Visual Studio Code on Windows 10

In this video I am going to show, How to Set Up C++ Development With Visual Studio Code on Windows 10. We will use MinGW with VS code as our compiler and debugging tool. So First I will show How to install mingw. The we will see how to create, build and compile our first C++ Program on VScode.



With an updated VS Code you can do it in the following manner:



Hit (Ctrl+P) and type:



ext install cpptools

Open a folder (Ctrl+K & Ctrl+O) and create a new file inside the folder with the extension .cpp (ex: main.cpp):



Type in your code and hit save.



Press (Ctrl+Shift+P and type, Configure task runner and then select other at the bottom of the list.



{

    "version": "2.0.0",

    "tasks": [

        {

            "label": "build hello world",

            "type": "shell",

            "command": "g++",

            "args": [

                "-g", "helloworld.cpp"

            ],

            "group": {

                "kind": "build",

                "isDefault": true

            }

        }

    ]

}

Hit (Ctrl+Shift+B to run Build task. This will create the .obj and .exe files for the project.



For debugging the project, Hit F5 and select C++(Windows).



In launch.json file, edit the following line and save the file:

Below is an example using the MinGW GDB debugger:



{

    "version": "0.2.0",

    "configurations": [

        {

            "name": "(gdb) Launch",

            "type": "cppdbg",

            "request": "launch",

            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/a.exe",

            "args": [],

            "stopAtEntry": false,

            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",

            "environment": [],

            "externalConsole": true,

            "MIMode": "gdb",

            "miDebuggerPath": "C:\\mingw\\bin\\gdb.exe",

            "setupCommands": [

                {

                    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",

                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",

                    "ignoreFailures": true

                }

            ],

            "preLaunchTask": "build hello world"

        }

    ]

}



Hit F5.



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