TAR(1) BSD General Commands Manual TAR(1) NAME tar — The GNU version of the tar archiving utility SYNOPSIS tar [-] A --catenate --concatenate | c --create | d --diff --compare | --delete | r --append | t --list | --test-label | u --update | x --extract --get [options] [pathname ...] DESCRIPTION Tar stores and extracts files from a tape or disk archive. The first argument to tar should be a function; either one of the letters Acdrtux, or one of the long function names. A function letter need not be prefixed with ``-'', and may be combined with other single-letter options. A long function name must be prefixed with --. Some options take a parameter; with the single-letter form these must be given as sep‐ arate arguments. With the long form, they may be given by appending =value to the option. FUNCTION LETTERS Main operation mode: -A, --catenate, --concatenate append tar files to an archive -c, --create create a new archive -d, --diff, --compare find differences between archive and file system --delete delete from the archive (not on mag tapes!) -r, --append append files to the end of an archive -t, --list list the contents of an archive --test-label test the archive volume label and exit -u, --update only append files newer than copy in archive -x, --extract, --get extract files from an archive OTHER OPTIONS Operation modifiers: -[0-7][lmh] specify drive and density -a, --auto-compress use archive suffix to determine the compression program --acls Enable the POSIX ACLs support --no-acls Disable the POSIX ACLs support --add-file=FILE add given FILE to the archive (useful if its name starts with a dash) --anchored patterns match file name start --no-anchored patterns match after any '/' (default for exclusion) --atime-preserve preserve access times on dumped files, either by restoring the times --no-auto-compress do not use archive suffix to determine the compression program -b, --blocking-factor BLOCKS BLOCKS x 512 bytes per record -B, --read-full-records reblock as we read (for 4.2BSD pipes) --backup backup before removal, choose version CONTROL -C, --directory DIR change to directory DIR --check-device check device numbers when creating incremental archives (default) --no-check-device do not check device numbers when creating incremental archives --checkpoint display progress messages every NUMBERth record (default 10) --checkpoint-action=ACTION execute ACTION on each checkpoint --delay-directory-restore delay setting modification times and permissions of extracted --no-delay-directory-restore cancel the effect of --delay-directory-restore option --exclude=PATTERN exclude files, given as a PATTERN --exclude-backups exclude backup and lock files --exclude-caches exclude contents of directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG, --exclude-caches-all exclude directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG --exclude-caches-under exclude everything under directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG --exclude-tag=FILE exclude contents of directories containing FILE, except --exclude-tag-all=FILE exclude directories containing FILE --exclude-tag-under=FILE exclude everything under directories containing FILE --exclude-vcs exclude version control system directories -f, --file ARCHIVE use archive file or device ARCHIVE -F, --info-script, --new-volume-script NAME run script at end of each tape (implies -M) --force-local archive file is local even if it has a colon --full-time print file time to its full resolution -g, --listed-incremental FILE handle new GNU-format incremental backup -G, --incremental handle old GNU-format incremental backup --group=NAME force NAME as group for added files -h, --dereference follow symlinks; archive and dump the files they point to -H, --format FORMAT create archive of the given formatFORMAT is one of the following: --format=gnu GNU tar 1.13.x format --format=oldgnu GNU format as per tar <= 1.12 --format=pax POSIX 1003.1-2001 (pax) format --format=posix same as pax --format=ustar POSIX 1003.1-1988 (ustar) format --format=v7 old V7 tar format --hard-dereference follow hard links; archive and dump the files they refer to -i, --ignore-zeros ignore zeroed blocks in archive (means EOF) -I, --use-compress-program PROG filter through PROG (must accept -d) --ignore-case ignore case --no-ignore-case case sensitive matching (default) --ignore-command-error ignore exit codes of children --no-ignore-command-error treat non-zero exit codes of children as error --ignore-failed-read do not exit with nonzero on unreadable files --index-file=FILE send verbose output to FILE -j, --bzip2 -J, --xz -k, --keep-old-files don't replace existing files when extracting, -K, --starting-file MEMBER-NAME begin at member MEMBER-NAME when reading the archive --keep-directory-symlink preserve existing symlinks to directories when extracting --keep-newer-files don't replace existing files that are newer than their archive copies -l, --check-links print a message if not all links are dumped -L, --tape-length NUMBER change tape after writing NUMBER x 1024 bytes --level=NUMBER dump level for created listed-incremental archive --lzip --lzma --lzop -m, --touch don't extract file modified time -M, --multi-volume create/list/extract multi-volume archive --mode=CHANGES force (symbolic) mode CHANGES for added files --mtime=DATE-OR-FILE set mtime for added files from DATE-OR-FILE -n, --seek archive is seekable -N, --newer, --after-date DATE-OR-FILE only store files newer than DATE-OR-FILE --newer-mtime=DATE compare date and time when data changed only --null -T reads null-terminated names, disable -C --no-null disable the effect of the previous --null option --numeric-owner always use numbers for user/group names -O, --to-stdout extract files to standard output --occurrence process only the NUMBERth occurrence of each file in the archive; --old-archive, --portability same as --format=v7 --one-file-system stay in local file system when creating archive --overwrite overwrite existing files when extracting --overwrite-dir overwrite metadata of existing directories when extracting (default) --no-overwrite-dir preserve metadata of existing directories --owner=NAME force NAME as owner for added files -p, --preserve-permissions, --same-permissions extract information about file permissions (default for superuser) -P, --absolute-names don't strip leading '/'s from file names --pax-option=keyword[[:]=value][,keyword[[:]=value]]... control pax keywords --posix same as --format=posix --preserve same as both -p and -s --quote-chars=STRING additionally quote characters from STRING --no-quote-chars=STRING disable quoting for characters from STRING --quoting-style=STYLE set name quoting style; see below for valid STYLE values -R, --block-number show block number within archive with each message --record-size=NUMBER NUMBER of bytes per record, multiple of 512 --recursion recurse into directories (default) --no-recursion avoid descending automatically in directories --recursive-unlink empty hierarchies prior to extracting directory --remove-files remove files after adding them to the archive --restrict disable use of some potentially harmful options --rmt-command=COMMAND use given rmt COMMAND instead of rmt --rsh-command=COMMAND use remote COMMAND instead of rsh -s, --preserve-order, --same-order member arguments are listed in the same order as the -S, --sparse handle sparse files efficiently --same-owner try extracting files with the same ownership as exists in the ar‐ chive (default for superuser) --no-same-owner extract files as yourself (default for ordinary users) --no-same-permissions apply the user's umask when extracting permissions from the archive (default for ordinary users) --no-seek archive is not seekable --selinux Enable the SELinux context support --no-selinux Disable the SELinux context support --show-defaults show tar defaults --show-omitted-dirs when listing or extracting, list each directory that does not match search criteria --show-snapshot-field-ranges show valid ranges for snapshot-file fields --show-transformed-names, --show-stored-names show file or archive names after transformation --skip-old-files don't replace existing files when extracting, silently skip over them --sparse-version=MAJOR[.MINOR] set version of the sparse format to use (implies --sparse) --strip-components=NUMBER strip NUMBER leading components from file names on extraction --suffix=STRING backup before removal, override usual suffix ('~' unless overridden by environment variable SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX) -T, --files-from FILE get names to extract or create from FILE --to-command=COMMAND pipe extracted files to another program --totals print total bytes after processing the archive; --transform, --xform EXPRESSION use sed replace EXPRESSION to transform file names -U, --unlink-first remove each file prior to extracting over it --unquote unquote filenames read with -T (default) --no-unquote do not unquote filenames read with -T --utc print file modification times in UTC -v, --verbose verbosely list files processed -V, --label TEXT create archive with volume name TEXT; at list/extract time, use TEXT as a globbing pattern for volume name --volno-file=FILE use/update the volume number in FILE -w, --interactive, --confirmation ask for confirmation for every action -W, --verify attempt to verify the archive after writing it --warning=KEYWORD warning control --wildcards use wildcards (default for exclusion) --wildcards-match-slash wildcards match '/' (default for exclusion) --no-wildcards-match-slash wildcards do not match '/' --no-wildcards verbatim string matching -X, --exclude-from FILE exclude patterns listed in FILE --xattrs Enable extended attributes support --xattrs-exclude=MASK specify the exclude pattern for xattr keys --xattrs-include=MASK specify the include pattern for xattr keys --no-xattrs Disable extended attributes support -z, --gzip, --gunzip --ungzip -Z, --compress, --uncompress ENVIRONMENT The behavior of tar is controlled by the following environment variables, among others: TAR_LONGLINK_100 PRISTINE_TAR_COMPAT SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX Backup prefix to use when extracting, if --suffix is not speci‐ fied. The backup suffix defaults to `~' if neither is specified. TAR_OPTIONS Options to prepend to those specified on the command line, sepa‐ rated by whitespace. Embedded backslashes may be used to escape whitespace or backslashes within an option. TAPE Device or file to use for the archive if --file is not specified. If this environment variable is unset, use stdin or stdout instead. EXAMPLES Create archive.tar from files foo and bar. tar -cf archive.tar foo bar List all files in archive.tar verbosely. tar -tvf archive.tar Extract all files from archive.tar. tar -xf archive.tar SEE ALSO tar(5), symlink(7), rmt(8) HISTORY The tar command appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX. BUGS The GNU folks, in general, abhor man pages, and create info documents instead. Unfortunately, the info document describing tar is licensed under the GFDL with invariant cover texts, which makes it impossible to include any text from that document in this man page. Most of the text in this document was automatically extracted from the usage text in the source. It may not completely describe all features of the program. Feb 4, 2014
Tuesday, January 10, 2017
Linux Command Line Tutorial For Beginners 36 - tar command to Compress a...
Monday, January 9, 2017
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Linux Command Line Tutorial For Beginners 32 - date command
DATE(1) User Commands DATE(1) NAME date - print or set the system date and time SYNOPSIS date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT] date [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]] DESCRIPTION Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -d, --date=STRING display time described by STRING, not 'now' -f, --file=DATEFILE like --date once for each line of DATEFILE -I[TIMESPEC], --iso-8601[=TIMESPEC] output date/time in ISO 8601 format. TIMESPEC='date' for date only (the default), 'hours', 'minutes', 'seconds', or 'ns' for date and time to the indicated precision. -r, --reference=FILE display the last modification time of FILE -R, --rfc-2822 output date and time in RFC 2822 format. Example: Mon, 07 Aug 2006 12:34:56 -0600 --rfc-3339=TIMESPEC output date and time in RFC 3339 format. TIMESPEC='date', 'seconds', or 'ns' for date and time to the indicated preci‐ sion. Date and time components are separated by a single space: 2006-08-07 12:34:56-06:00 -s, --set=STRING set time described by STRING -u, --utc, --universal print or set Coordinated Universal Time --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit FORMAT controls the output. Interpreted sequences are: %% a literal % %a locale's abbreviated weekday name (e.g., Sun) %A locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday) %b locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan) %B locale's full month name (e.g., January) %c locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar 3 23:05:25 2005) %C century; like %Y, except omit last two digits (e.g., 20) %d day of month (e.g., 01) %D date; same as %m/%d/%y %e day of month, space padded; same as %_d %F full date; same as %Y-%m-%d %g last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G) %G year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V %h same as %b %H hour (00..23) %I hour (01..12) %j day of year (001..366) %k hour, space padded ( 0..23); same as %_H %l hour, space padded ( 1..12); same as %_I %m month (01..12) %M minute (00..59) %n a newline %N nanoseconds (000000000..999999999) %p locale's equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known %P like %p, but lower case %r locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM) %R 24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M %s seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC %S second (00..60) %t a tab %T time; same as %H:%M:%S %u day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday %U week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53) %V ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53) %w day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday %W week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53) %x locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99) %X locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48) %y last two digits of year (00..99) %Y year %z +hhmm numeric time zone (e.g., -0400) %:z +hh:mm numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00) %::z +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00) %:::z numeric time zone with : to necessary precision (e.g., -04, +05:30) %Z alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT) By default, date pads numeric fields with zeroes. The following optional flags may follow '%': - (hyphen) do not pad the field _ (underscore) pad with spaces 0 (zero) pad with zeros ^ use upper case if possible # use opposite case if possible After any flags comes an optional field width, as a decimal number; then an optional modifier, which is either E to use the locale's alternate representations if available, or O to use the locale's alternate numeric symbols if available. EXAMPLES Convert seconds since the epoch (1970-01-01 UTC) to a date $ date --date='@2147483647' Show the time on the west coast of the US (use tzselect(1) to find TZ) $ TZ='America/Los_Angeles' date Show the local time for 9AM next Friday on the west coast of the US $ date --date='TZ="America/Los_Angeles" 09:00 next Fri' DATE STRING The --date=STRING is a mostly free format human readable date string such as "Sun, 29 Feb 2004 16:21:42 -0800" or "2004-02-29 16:21:42" or even "next Thursday". A date string may contain items indicating calendar date, time of day, time zone, day of week, rel‐ ative time, relative date, and numbers. An empty string indicates the beginning of the day. The date string format is more complex than is easily documented here but is fully described in the info documentation. AUTHOR Written by David MacKenzie. REPORTING BUGS Report date bugs to bug-coreutils@gnu.org GNU coreutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/> General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/> Report date translation bugs to <http://translationpro‐ ject.org/team/> COPYRIGHT Copyright © 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>. This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. SEE ALSO The full documentation for date is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and date programs are properly installed at your site, the command info coreutils 'date invocation' should give you access to the complete manual. GNU coreutils 8.21 March 2014 DATE(1)
Linux Command Line Tutorial For Beginners 31 - cal command
CAL(1) BSD General Commands Manual CAL(1) NAME cal, ncal — displays a calendar and the date of Easter SYNOPSIS cal [-3hjy] [-A number] [-B number] [[month] year] cal [-3hj] [-A number] [-B number] -m month [year] ncal [-3bhjJpwySM] [-A number] [-B number] [-s country_code] [[month] year] ncal [-3bhJeoSM] [-A number] [-B number] [year] ncal [-CN] [-H yyyy-mm-dd] [-d yyyy-mm] DESCRIPTION The cal utility displays a simple calendar in traditional format and ncal offers an alternative layout, more options and the date of Easter. The new format is a little cramped but it makes a year fit on a 25x80 terminal. If arguments are not specified, the current month is displayed. The options are as follows: -h Turns off highlighting of today. -J Display Julian Calendar, if combined with the -o option, dis‐ play date of Orthodox Easter according to the Julian Calen‐ dar. -e Display date of Easter (for western churches). -j Display Julian days (days one-based, numbered from January 1). -m month Display the specified month. If month is specified as a dec‐ imal number, it may be followed by the letter ‘f’ or ‘p’ to indicate the following or preceding month of that number, respectively. -o Display date of Orthodox Easter (Greek and Russian Orthodox Churches). -p Print the country codes and switching days from Julian to Gregorian Calendar as they are assumed by ncal. The country code as determined from the local environment is marked with an asterisk. -s country_code Assume the switch from Julian to Gregorian Calendar at the date associated with the country_code. If not specified, ncal tries to guess the switch date from the local environ‐ ment or falls back to September 2, 1752. This was when Great Britain and her colonies switched to the Gregorian Calendar. -w Print the number of the week below each week column. -y Display a calendar for the specified year. This option is implied when a year but no month are specified on the command line. -3 Display the previous, current and next month surrounding today. -1 Display only the current month. This is the default. -A number Months to add after. The specified number of months is added to the end of the display. This is in addition to any date range selected by the -y, -3, or -1 options. For example, “cal -y -B2 -A2” shows everything from November of the previ‐ ous year to February of the following year. Negative numbers are allowed, in which case the specified number of months is subtracted. For example, “cal -y -B-6” shows July to Decem‐ ber. And “cal -A11” simply shows the next 12 months. -B number Months to add before. The specified number of months is added to the beginning of the display. See -A for examples. -C Switch to cal mode. -N Switch to ncal mode. -d yyyy-mm Use yyyy-mm as the current date (for debugging of date selec‐ tion). -H yyyy-mm-dd Use yyyy-mm-dd as the current date (for debugging of high‐ lighting). -M Weeks start on Monday. -S Weeks start on Sunday. -b Use oldstyle format for ncal output. A single parameter specifies the year (1–9999) to be displayed; note the year must be fully specified: “cal 89” will not display a calen‐ dar for 1989. Two parameters denote the month and year; the month is either a number between 1 and 12, or a full or abbreviated name as specified by the current locale. Month and year default to those of the current system clock and time zone (so “cal -m 8” will display a calendar for the month of August in the current year). Not all options can be used together. For example, the options -y, -3, and -1 are mutually exclusive. If inconsistent options are given, the later ones take precedence over the earlier ones. A year starts on January 1. SEE ALSO calendar(3), strftime(3) HISTORY A cal command appeared in Version 5 AT&T UNIX. The ncal command appeared in FreeBSD 2.2.6. The output of the cal command is supposed to be bit for bit compatible to the original Unix cal command, because its output is processed by other programs like CGI scripts, that should not be broken. Therefore it will always output 8 lines, even if only 7 contain data. This extra blank line also appears with the original cal command, at least on Solaris 8 AUTHORS The ncal command and manual were written by Wolfgang Helbig <helbig@FreeBSD.org>. BUGS The assignment of Julian–Gregorian switching dates to country codes is historically naive for many countries. Not all options are compatible and using them in different orders will give varying results. BSD March 14, 2009 BSD
Sunday, January 1, 2017
Linux Command Line Tutorial For Beginners 30 - wc command
WC(1) User Commands WC(1) NAME wc - print newline, word, and byte counts for each file SYNOPSIS wc [OPTION]... [FILE]... wc [OPTION]... --files0-from=F DESCRIPTION Print newline, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line if more than one FILE is specified. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. A word is a non-zero-length sequence of characters delimited by white space. The options below may be used to select which counts are printed, always in the following order: newline, word, character, byte, max‐ imum line length. -c, --bytes print the byte counts -m, --chars print the character counts -l, --lines print the newline counts --files0-from=F read input from the files specified by NUL-terminated names in file F; If F is - then read names from standard input -L, --max-line-length print the length of the longest line -w, --words print the word counts --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit AUTHOR Written by Paul Rubin and David MacKenzie. REPORTING BUGS Report wc bugs to bug-coreutils@gnu.org GNU coreutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/> General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/> Report wc translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/> COPYRIGHT Copyright © 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>. This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. SEE ALSO The full documentation for wc is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and wc programs are properly installed at your site, the command info coreutils 'wc invocation' should give you access to the complete manual. GNU coreutils 8.21 March 2014 WC(1)
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