Linux Command Line Tutorial For Beginners 22 - useradd command (Creatin...

USERADD(8)                                   System Management Commands                                   USERADD(8)



NAME
       useradd - create a new user or update default new user information

SYNOPSIS
       useradd [options] LOGIN

       useradd -D

       useradd -D [options]

DESCRIPTION
       useradd is a low level utility for adding users. On Debian, administrators should usually use adduser(8)
       instead.

       When invoked without the -D option, the useradd command creates a new user account using the values specified
       on the command line plus the default values from the system. Depending on command line options, the useradd
       command will update system files and may also create the new user's home directory and copy initial files.

       By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see -g, -N, -U, and USERGROUPS_ENAB).

OPTIONS
       The options which apply to the useradd command are:

       -b, --base-dir BASE_DIR
           The default base directory for the system if -dHOME_DIR is not specified.  BASE_DIR is concatenated with
           the account name to define the home directory. If the -m option is not used, BASE_DIR must exist.

           If this option is not specified, useradd will use the base directory specified by the HOME variable in
           /etc/default/useradd, or /home by default.

       -c, --comment COMMENT
           Any text string. It is generally a short description of the login, and is currently used as the field for
           the user's full name.

       -d, --home HOME_DIR
           The new user will be created using HOME_DIR as the value for the user's login directory. The default is
           to append the LOGIN name to BASE_DIR and use that as the login directory name. The directory HOME_DIR
           does not have to exist but will not be created if it is missing.

       -D, --defaults
           See below, the subsection "Changing the default values".

       -e, --expiredate EXPIRE_DATE
           The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified in the format YYYY-MM-DD.

           If not specified, useradd will use the default expiry date specified by the EXPIRE variable in
           /etc/default/useradd, or an empty string (no expiry) by default.

       -f, --inactive INACTIVE
           The number of days after a password expires until the account is permanently disabled. A value of 0
           disables the account as soon as the password has expired, and a value of -1 disables the feature.

           If not specified, useradd will use the default inactivity period specified by the INACTIVE variable in
           /etc/default/useradd, or -1 by default.

       -g, --gid GROUP
           The group name or number of the user's initial login group. The group name must exist. A group number
           must refer to an already existing group.

           If not specified, the behavior of useradd will depend on the USERGROUPS_ENAB variable in /etc/login.defs.
           If this variable is set to yes (or -U/--user-group is specified on the command line), a group will be
           created for the user, with the same name as her loginname. If the variable is set to no (or
           -N/--no-user-group is specified on the command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user
           to the value specified by the GROUP variable in /etc/default/useradd, or 100 by default.

       -G, --groups GROUP1[,GROUP2,...[,GROUPN]]]
           A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each group is separated from the next
           by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group
           given with the -g option. The default is for the user to belong only to the initial group.

       -h, --help
           Display help message and exit.

       -k, --skel SKEL_DIR
           The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in the user's home directory,
           when the home directory is created by useradd.

           This option is only valid if the -m (or --create-home) option is specified.

           If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the SKEL variable in /etc/default/useradd
           or, by default, /etc/skel.

           If possible, the ACLs and extended attributes are copied.

       -K, --key KEY=VALUE
           Overrides /etc/login.defs defaults (UID_MIN, UID_MAX, UMASK, PASS_MAX_DAYS and others).

           Example: -K PASS_MAX_DAYS=-1 can be used when creating system account to turn off password ageing, even
           though system account has no password at all. Multiple -K options can be specified, e.g.: -K
           UID_MIN=100-K UID_MAX=499

       -l, --no-log-init
           Do not add the user to the lastlog and faillog databases.

           By default, the user's entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are resetted to avoid reusing the
           entry from a previously deleted user.

           For the compatibility with previous Debian's useradd, the -O option is also supported.

       -m, --create-home
           Create the user's home directory if it does not exist. The files and directories contained in the
           skeleton directory (which can be defined with the -k option) will be copied to the home directory.

           By default, if this option is not specified and CREATE_HOME is not enabled, no home directories are
           created.

       -M
           Do no create the user's home directory, even if the system wide setting from /etc/login.defs
           (CREATE_HOME) is set to yes.

       -N, --no-user-group
           Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to the group specified by the -g
           option or by the GROUP variable in /etc/default/useradd.

           The default behavior (if the -g, -N, and -U options are not specified) is defined by the USERGROUPS_ENAB
           variable in /etc/login.defs.

       -o, --non-unique
           Allow the creation of a user account with a duplicate (non-unique) UID.

           This option is only valid in combination with the -u option.

       -p, --password PASSWORD
           The encrypted password, as returned by crypt(3). The default is to disable the password.

           Note: This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by
           users listing the processes.

           You should make sure the password respects the system's password policy.

       -r, --system
           Create a system account.

           System users will be created with no aging information in /etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are
           chosen in the SYS_UID_MIN-SYS_UID_MAX range, defined in /etc/login.defs, instead of UID_MIN-UID_MAX (and
           their GID counterparts for the creation of groups).

           Note that useradd will not create a home directory for such an user, regardless of the default setting in
           /etc/login.defs (CREATE_HOME). You have to specify the -m options if you want a home directory for a
           system account to be created.

       -R, --root CHROOT_DIR
           Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR directory and use the configuration files from the CHROOT_DIR directory.

       -s, --shell SHELL
           The name of the user's login shell. The default is to leave this field blank, which causes the system to
           select the default login shell specified by the SHELL variable in /etc/default/useradd, or an empty
           string by default.

       -u, --uid UID
           The numerical value of the user's ID. This value must be unique, unless the -o option is used. The value
           must be non-negative. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to UID_MIN and
           greater than every other user.

           See also the -r option and the UID_MAX description.

       -U, --user-group
           Create a group with the same name as the user, and add the user to this group.

           The default behavior (if the -g, -N, and -U options are not specified) is defined by the USERGROUPS_ENAB
           variable in /etc/login.defs.

       -Z, --selinux-user SEUSER
           The SELinux user for the user's login. The default is to leave this field blank, which causes the system
           to select the default SELinux user.

   Changing the default values
       When invoked with only the -D option, useradd will display the current default values. When invoked with -D
       plus other options, useradd will update the default values for the specified options. Valid default-changing
       options are:

       -b, --base-dir BASE_DIR
           The path prefix for a new user's home directory. The user's name will be affixed to the end of BASE_DIR
           to form the new user's home directory name, if the -d option is not used when creating a new account.

           This option sets the HOME variable in /etc/default/useradd.

       -e, --expiredate EXPIRE_DATE
           The date on which the user account is disabled.

           This option sets the EXPIRE variable in /etc/default/useradd.

       -f, --inactive INACTIVE
           The number of days after a password has expired before the account will be disabled.

           This option sets the INACTIVE variable in /etc/default/useradd.

       -g, --gid GROUP
           The group name or ID for a new user's initial group (when the -N/--no-user-group is used or when the
           USERGROUPS_ENAB variable is set to no in /etc/login.defs). The named group must exist, and a numerical
           group ID must have an existing entry.

           This option sets the GROUP variable in /etc/default/useradd.

       -s, --shell SHELL
           The name of a new user's login shell.

           This option sets the SHELL variable in /etc/default/useradd.

NOTES
       The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files in the /etc/skel/ directory (or
       any other skeleton directory specified in /etc/default/useradd or on the command line).

CAVEATS
       You may not add a user to a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the corresponding server.

       Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such as NIS or LDAP, useradd will deny
       the user account creation request.

       It is usually recommended to only use usernames that begin with a lower case letter or an underscore,
       followed by lower case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes. They can end with a dollar sign. In regular
       expression terms: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?

       On Debian, the only constraints are that usernames must neither start with a dash ('-') nor plus ('+') nor
       tilde ('~') nor contain a colon (':'), a comma (','), or a whitespace (space: ' ', end of line: '\n',
       tabulation: '\t', etc.). Note that using a slash ('/') may break the default algorithm for the definition of
       the user's home directory.

       Usernames may only be up to 32 characters long.

CONFIGURATION
       The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this tool:

       CREATE_HOME (boolean)
           Indicate if a home directory should be created by default for new users.

           This setting does not apply to system users, and can be overridden on the command line.

       GID_MAX (number), GID_MIN (number)
           Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by useradd, groupadd, or newusers.

           The default value for GID_MIN (resp.  GID_MAX) is 1000 (resp. 60000).

       MAIL_DIR (string)
           The mail spool directory. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when its corresponding user account is
           modified or deleted. If not specified, a compile-time default is used.

       MAIL_FILE (string)
           Defines the location of the users mail spool files relatively to their home directory.

       The MAIL_DIR and MAIL_FILE variables are used by useradd, usermod, and userdel to create, move, or delete the
       user's mail spool.

       MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP (number)
           Maximum members per group entry. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in
           /etc/group (with the same name, same password, and same GID).

           The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group.

           This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file. This is useful to make
           sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters.

           If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25.

           Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite). You should not use
           this variable unless you really need it.

       PASS_MAX_DAYS (number)
           The maximum number of days a password may be used. If the password is older than this, a password change
           will be forced. If not specified, -1 will be assumed (which disables the restriction).

       PASS_MIN_DAYS (number)
           The minimum number of days allowed between password changes. Any password changes attempted sooner than
           this will be rejected. If not specified, -1 will be assumed (which disables the restriction).

       PASS_WARN_AGE (number)
           The number of days warning given before a password expires. A zero means warning is given only upon the
           day of expiration, a negative value means no warning is given. If not specified, no warning will be
           provided.

       SYS_GID_MAX (number), SYS_GID_MIN (number)
           Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by useradd, groupadd, or newusers.

           The default value for SYS_GID_MIN (resp.  SYS_GID_MAX) is 101 (resp.  GID_MIN-1).

       SYS_UID_MAX (number), SYS_UID_MIN (number)
           Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by useradd or newusers.

           The default value for SYS_UID_MIN (resp.  SYS_UID_MAX) is 101 (resp.  UID_MIN-1).

       UID_MAX (number), UID_MIN (number)
           Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by useradd or newusers.

           The default value for UID_MIN (resp.  UID_MAX) is 1000 (resp. 60000).

       UMASK (number)
           The file mode creation mask is initialized to this value. If not specified, the mask will be initialized
           to 022.

           useradd and newusers use this mask to set the mode of the home directory they create

           It is also used by pam_umask as the default umask value.

       USERGROUPS_ENAB (boolean)
           If set to yes, userdel will remove the user's group if it contains no more members, and useradd will
           create by default a group with the name of the user.

FILES
       /etc/passwd
           User account information.

       /etc/shadow
           Secure user account information.

       /etc/group
           Group account information.

       /etc/gshadow
           Secure group account information.

       /etc/default/useradd
           Default values for account creation.

       /etc/skel/
           Directory containing default files.

       /etc/login.defs
           Shadow password suite configuration.

EXIT VALUES
       The useradd command exits with the following values:

       0
           success

       1
           can't update password file

       2
           invalid command syntax

       3
           invalid argument to option

       4
           UID already in use (and no -o)

       6
           specified group doesn't exist

       9
           username already in use

       10
           can't update group file

       12
           can't create home directory

       14
           can't update SELinux user mapping

SEE ALSO
       chfn(1), chsh(1), passwd(1), crypt(3), groupadd(8), groupdel(8), groupmod(8), login.defs(5), newusers(8),
       userdel(8), usermod(8).



shadow-utils 4.1.5.1                                 02/17/2014                                           USERADD(8)